British South Africa Imperialism

Imperialism is taking over a place and taking its resources for profit.

 

 

 

 

 

Leonardo Da Vinci

Leonardo Da Vinci ( Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci ) was a Mathematician, Artist, Inventor, Musician and a Writer. He was on April 15, 1452 at Greenwich and died on May 2, 1519. Da Vinci was a known for excellency as an artist and intellectual of the Italian Renaissance. Da Vinci made the ”The Last Supper” and ”Mona Lisa”.

 

 

Da Vinci was known for his sketches and futuristic designs at their current generation.

      

     

 

 

Leonardo Da Vinci worked nearly 18 years for Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Millan to design and make weapons. (1482-1499). The Last supper shows the reaction shown by each apostle when Jesus said one of them would betray him. All twelve Apostles have different reactions and degrees of anger and show to the news.

 

 

”The Mona Lisa”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Renaissance & Reformation

Section 1

Secular: Forming clergy that are not pertaining or connected to any religious order.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Da Vinci ( Leonardo Di ser Piero da Vinci ) known as the Renaissance man

Born in April 15, 1452

Died in May 2, 1519

Created Mona lisa and The Last Supper known as the most famous and religious paintings

 

 

 

Niccolo Machiavelli was born on May 3, 1469 in Florence

Died on June 21, 1527 on Florence

Machiavelli was a political theorist ( Father of modern political theory ), a philosopher and statesman.

He wrote his first work in 1499 titled, Discorso sopra le cose de pisa (Discourse on Pisa)

On 1502, Discorso sopra la provisione del danaro ( Discourse about the Provision of Money)

 

Section 2

Humanism– is a way of solving human problems not in a diving or supernatural matters.

 

 Vernacular – is the native language or native dialect of a specific population, as opposed to a language of wider communication that is a second language or foreign language to the population, such as a national language, standard language, or lingua franca.

 

 

Geoffrey Chaucer – lived between 1343-1400 and thus qualifies as medieval. The Middle Ages, as first defined in the Renaissance, has long been understood as a period of backwardness and superstition.

 

Section 3

 

Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a Christian theologian and Augustinian monk whose teachings inspired the Protestant Reformation and deeply influenced the doctrines of Protestant and other Christian traditions.

 

Edict of Worms was a decree issued by The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V banning the writings of Martin Luther and labeling him a heretic and enemy of the state.

 

Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the theology of Martin Luther, a German monk and theologian. Today, Lutheranism is one of the largest denominations by members of Protestantism and overall Christianity.

 

Section 4

Born July 10, 1509 in Noyon, France, Jean Calvin was raised in a staunch Roman Catholic family. The local bishop employed Calvin’s father as an administrator in the town’s cathedral. The father, in turn, wanted John to become a priest. Because of close ties with the bishop and his noble family, John’s playmates and classmates in Noyon (and later in Paris) were aristocratic and culturally influential in his early life.

 

Anabaptism is a Christian theological tradition that developed during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. The Anabaptists believed that other Protestant reformers (such as Martin Luther) were right in demanding reform of the Roman Catholic Church, but they complained that, in some respects, these reformers had not gone far enough with their demands.

 

The Council of Trent played an important part in determining the outcome of the Counter-Reformation. Along with the part played by the Jesuits and certain individuals, the Council of Trent was a central feature of the Counter-Reformation. But whether Trent represented a positive move by the Catholic Church remains contentious.

 

Aztec Temple

Architecture of the Aztecs

The Sacrificial Temple-Aztecs was a very religious race and strongly believed in the practice of sacrificing people to the gods. They sacrificed over 20,000 people a year,so they built a temple for the ritual called the Sacrificial Temple. One of the temple was named the Great Temple Of Tenochtitlan.

TeoCalli ( Shrine Of The Gods )- Priests of the Aztec went to these temples to worship, pray, and make offerings to the Gods.

Temple Mayor- Part of the sacred are of the city of Tenochtitlan

Ball Game Of The Mayans

One of the ways that the Mayan peoples competed against each other was by playing  the  Ball Game. They used a rubber ball, 20 inches in diameter, to play the Game, Which was played on a stone court.The court had walls with a hanging high on the walls were stone rings.

The game was invented during (2500-100 BCE), by the Olmec, and became a common Mesoamerican-wide urban landscape by the Period of (300-900 CE)

Religious leaders attended, as did most chieftains and other government leaders.

The ball game was played  all over Mesoamerica

The Mayan Ball Game was a solemn experience,  with ritual importance such as human sacrifice.

The goal of the game was to pass the ball around, without touching it by  hands, and then get the ball to pass through one of the rings. Since the rings were so high and players were not allowed to use their hands, it was very difficult to get the ball through a ring. The game ends when a player shoots the ball in to the ring.

The penalty for losing a game was sometimes death. The leader of the team who lost the game was sometimes killed. This fit in the Mayan belief that human sacrifice was necessary for the continued success of the peoples agriculture,trade , and health.

Mongol Empire

Geography

Mongolia stretches about 2,400 km from west to east and about 1,260 km from north to south. The total length of the country’s borders is 8,158 km. Mongolia has four different areas: mountain-forest steppe, mountain steppe, semi-desert and desert. The Mongols of the Asian steppe lived their lives on the move. They prided themselves on their skill on horseback, their courage and discipline in battle.Nomadic people were pastoralists that is they herded domesticated animals. They were constantly on the move, searching for good pasture to feed their herds. Mongolia is a vast belt of dry grassland, called the steppe it stretches across the landmass of Eurasia. Chinggis Khan was convinced that no one could survive in the daunting landscape of Mongolia without maintaining good relations and seeking help on occasion from one’s allies. By 1225 Central Asia was under Mongol control.

Leadership

Genghis khan united the mongols around 1200. He attempted immediately to break down the tribal groups that joined him and wanted to eliminate any feeling of tribal identity and convert it into a Mongol identity. He organized his people into units of ten, a hundred, a thousand, and ten thousand, and the head of unit of ten thousand would have a strong personal relationship with Chinggis himself. One of the particularly effective tactic Chinggis liked to use in battles was the feigned withdrawal: Deep in throes of a battle his troops would withdraw pretending to have been defeated. As the enemy forces pursued the troops, they would quickly realize that they’d fallen into a trap, as a whole detachments of men in armor or cavalries would suddenly appear and overwhelm them. Over the next 21 years, he lead MOngols in conquering much of Asia. His first goal was china. After invading the northern Jin Empire in 1211, but his attention turned to the Islamic region west of Mongolia. Genghis launched a campaign of terror across Central Asia, The Mongols destroyed one city after another; Utrar, Samarkand, Bukhara. By 1225 Central Asia was under Mongol Control.

Technology

The Mongols developed a bow made out of sinew and a horn and were skilled at shooting it while riding. With a range of more than 350 yards, the bow was superior to the contemporaneous English longbow, that only has a range of 250 yards. A wood and leather saddle, which was rubbed with sheep’s fat to prevent cracking and shrinkage, allowed the horses to bear the weight of their riders for long periods and also permitted the riders to retain a firm seat. Their saddle bags contained cooking pots, dried meat, yogurt, water bottles and other essentials for lengthy expeditions. Finally a sturdy stirrup enabled horsemen to be more steady and accurate in shooting while riding the horse.

Middle Ages

4.1 – Analyze impacts of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire

• 4: Student is able to compare/contrast the Byzantine Empire, Franks, Vikings, and/or Muslims
• 3: Student is able to describe the Byzantine Empire, Franks, Vikings, and Muslims
• 2: Student is able to describe 2-3  groups (Byzantine Empire, Franks, Vikings, Muslims)
• 1: Student is able to identify the Byzantine Empire, Franks, Vikings, and/or Muslims

4.2 – Examine the Feudal System and Roman Catholic Church in medieval Europe

• 4: Student is able to compare/contrast the roles and relationships within the “feudal system” and explain impacts of the Roman Catholic Church
• 3: Student is able to compare/contrast social classes within the feudal system and explain an impact of the Roman Catholic Church
• 2: Student is able to describe social classes within the feudal system or impacts of the Church
• 1: Student is able to identify social classes of the feudal system or an impact of the Church

4.3 – Analyze causes and consequences of the Crusades

• 4: Student is able to explain causes and consequences of the Crusades AND critique a person or group involved
• 3: Student is able to explain causes and consequences of the Crusades
• 2: Student is able to describe a cause and consequence of the Crusades
• 1: Student is able to identify a cause and consequence of the Crusades

Domitian

Domitian

Born on October 24, 51 AD Ruled for a short 15 year span Changed his name a total of five times His wifes name was Domitia Longina they had 1 son together. Domitian was Roman emperor from 81 to 96 B.C. Domitian was the third and last emperor of the Flavian dynasty. Achievements: completed the conquest of Agri Decumates which his father begun. near modern day Germany. Dacian wars thought to have poisioned agricola Cause of Death: Assassinated  court officials at 44 years of age. HIstorical Significance: Know as a cruel, ignorant person.

Domitian was hated by the aristocracy, and it seems that cruelty and ostentation were the grounds of his unpopularity, rather than military or administrative incompetence, though his military and foreign policy was not uniformly successful. Domitian was the first emperor since Claudius to campaign in person, and a conspiracy led to his murder, after which his memory was officially condemned.

Domitian’s succession (on the 13th of September 81) was unquestioned, and it would seem that he had intended, so far as his weak volition and mean abilities would allow, to govern well. Like Caesar Augustus, he attempted a reformation of morals and religion. He passed many sumptuary laws, and issued an edict forbidding the over-cultivation of vines to the neglect of corn-growing. Domitian was the first emperor who arrogated divine honors in his lifetime, and caused himself to be styled Our Lord and God in public documents.

Commodus

– Treated himself as a gladiator/ Hercules. Consuls hated him because he was affecting the reputation of Rome.

Nero

– Burned the a third of Rome and People were blaming him for that and then Nero started blaming the Christians.

Augustus

SPARTACUS

1. WHO was Spartacus? He’s a Thracian gladiator
2. WHAT did he do? He led a slave revolt with an army numbering in the tens of thousands and defeated Romans forces a half dozen times
3. WHY did he do it? He wanted to avenge himself for making them a slave.
4. WHEN did it happen? 73-71 BC
5. WHERE did it happen? All over Italy
6. HOW did it end? Spartacus was cornered by three armies and ended up being crucified
7. WAS HE A HERO OR A VILLAIN? Spartacus could be considered a hero to some people because of the fact that he started a slave revolt and convinced other to join. His foolishness and lack of good judgement have tarnished his heroic reputation.

Elements of Rome

Warfare

-For centuries the Roman army was the most fearsome fighting force on the western hemisphere, eventually bringing most of Europe, the Middle  East, and northern Africa under the control of Rome.

Romans used The Gladius(sword) The Pilum (spear) Armors and shields and Artillery and Siege Engines

Romans depends on strategies to overcome their enemy and they possessed skilled commanders and their tactics won countless battles.